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  DNA's building blocks

DNA is made of the four nitrogen bases. They are attached like beads on a string.

DNA is nothing more than a double string of sugar and phosphate that is held together with the four bases.

It is tightly coiled
into a curly Helix.

DNA strand

These four bases are attached in the most amazing way.

shapes

Shapes

They can only go together in one way
and no other.

letter T

Adenine and Thymine
attach easily to
one another.

"A" or "T"
cannot attach to themselves or to
"C" and "G".

Adenine

Thymine

   

"C" or "G"
cannot attach to
themselves or to
"A" and "T".

Cytosine and Guanine attach easily to one another.

letter C Letter G
   

Cytosine

Guanine

This unique structure gives DNA the ability to duplicate itself. The process works just like a zipper.

zipper

Here's a neat analogy. Watch how this works when we shake hands.

Joe
(wearing grey)

Mary
(wearing violet)

left hand glove (A) Joe

Right hand glove (G) Mary

Joe's left hand (A) cannot match with Mary's right hand (G).

Left hand glove (A) Joe

Left hand glove (T) Mary

Joe's left hand does match with Mary's left hand.

Right hand glove (C) Joe

Right hand glove (G) Mary

Joe's right hand and Mary's right hand also match.

Right hand glove (C) Joe

Left hand glove (T) Mary

 

Joe's right hand and Mary's left hand will not match.

Nor is it possible to shake your own hands.

Try it!

Left hand glove (T) Mary

Mary

Right hand glove (G) Mary

Left hand glove (A) Joe

Joe

Right hand glove (C) Joe


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