Parts is Parts

There are muscle cells. There are bone cells. There are the special cells of the nerves and brain.

All cells have the same basic parts.

The cell has quite a complex structure.

Within the cell is a matrix of fiber tubules that give it shape and form.

In one section is the memory. Here all of the information is stored, that directs the activities of the cell.

Another part of the cell supplies the energy for the cell so it can do its work.

Still another part of the cell actually performs the work of the cell, which is to make proteins, both for itself and for the organism of which it may be a part.

The various parts of the cell consist of the:  nucleus mitochondria ribosome

The single cell can be an "organism".

It is self-sufficient.

Cells can also be part of an organism. In this case, many cells work together. These cells are "differentiated".

It is then called a "multi-cellular" organism.

A "differentiated" cell is NOT an organism and will die when separated from the multi-cellular organism to which it belongs.

Every cell has the entire complement of DNA.

In multi-cellular organisms, only a portion of the DNA is used by a particular cell within the organism.

Cells use energy and require fuel.

"Mitochondria" are tiny bodies in the cell that provide the cell with energy.

But, cells also need food.

The food of the cell is the array of Amino Acids.

Your stomach has the important  job of converting the proteins into amino acids and delivering them to the cells.

Your body does this amazingly well.

Cell Factories, 

The role of Ribosomes

Outside of the nucleus, the cell manufactures the proteins of which it is made.

This job is performed by the "Ribosomes". They are the factories of the cell.

These tiny bodies use the information stored on the DNA to arrange the Amino Acids into strings of specific proteins.

Which Amino Acids are placed where on the string is very important.

Diabetes is a case in point.

In the diabetic the body does not produce insulin. The problem is that insulin from another species is not exactly the same as human insulin and won't work. 

The complete Insulin chain contains 56 Amino acid units. Only three POSITIONS can be changed without destroying the function of Insulin. Insulin differs in different species because several of the amino acids along its length are not identical to the ones used in the human form.

Warp speed...

The role of enzymes.